Landscape – heterogeneous area consisting of distinctive patches
Landscape element – distinctive patches within a landscape
Landscape ecology – study of relationships between spatial patterns and ecological processes over a range of scales.
Landscape structure – the size, shape, composition, number, and position of patches within landscape
Patch – a landscape element that is a relatively homogenous area that differs from its surroundings
Matrix – the landscape element within a landscape mosaic that is most continuous spatially
Fractal geometry – a method to describe dimension of diverse natural objects
Landscape processes – exchange of materials, energy, or organisms among patches or elements that make up a landscape
Affected by –
- Fragmented landscapes = dispersal of organisms
- Patch size = isolation and density of populations
- Habitat corridors = movement of organisms
- Landscape position = distribution of resources
Landform – a distinctive feature on the earth’s surface
Landscape engineers – organisms that alter or modify landscapes
Landscape position can effect ecosystem properties:
- Water availability
- Nutrient cycling
- Concentration of nutrient
Origins of landscape structure and change:
- Geological processes
- Climate
- Activities of organisms
- Fire
Geological processes affect landscape structure:
- Ex. Volcanoes, sediments, erosions
- As geologic surfaces change, different environmental conditions emerge
- Climate affects landscape structure
Climate and landscape structure:
- Terrestrial Environment
- Shapes the landscape
- Makes soils
- Redistibutes resources
- Creates habitat patches
- Sets main template for landscape structure
